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What insurance costs should a contractor track by job versus as overhead?

Getting this wrong doesn’t just mess up your books. It distorts your job profitability numbers, which means you’re making bidding and pricing decisions based on bad data. A job that looks profitable might actually be breaking even once insurance costs are properly allocated.

General liability premiums are typically calculated based on payroll or gross receipts, which makes them allocable to individual jobs. If your GL premium is driven by payroll dollars, distribute that cost across jobs proportionally based on the labor hours or payroll charged to each project. This gives you a much more accurate picture of what each job actually costs.

Workers compensation works the same way. Your comp premiums are directly tied to payroll by classification code. When you run payroll for a framing crew on a specific project, the associated workers comp cost belongs to that project. Allocate it based on the job payroll that generated it. This is one of the biggest insurance line items for most contractors, so getting this allocation right has a real impact on your construction job costing.

Builder’s risk insurance on a specific project is a direct job cost, period. You bought that policy because of that project, and it covers that project alone. There’s no allocation math to figure out. It goes straight to the job.

Performance and payment bonds tied to a specific contract are also direct job costs. The premium you paid to bond that particular project exists because of that project. Charge it there. However, the general cost of maintaining your bonding capacity and your bonding relationship is overhead. That’s a cost of being in business, not a cost of any one job.

General commercial insurance belongs in overhead. Your business owner’s policy, commercial auto for your fleet, umbrella coverage, professional liability, and office-related policies all protect the business broadly. They don’t fluctuate based on any single project, so trying to allocate them per job creates false precision without adding useful information.

The practical question is how much overhead markup to apply when bidding. If your overhead insurance costs run $4,000 a month and you’re running four jobs, a simple allocation might put $1,000 on each. But your actual overhead recovery should be built into your markup percentage across all jobs, not arbitrarily split.

For the job-level allocations, set up your accounting software to track GL and workers comp as a percentage applied to each job’s labor costs. Many Phoenix bookkeepers who work with contractors build this into the chart of accounts so it flows automatically rather than requiring manual calculation every month.

One thing to watch for is your year-end audit adjustment. Workers comp and GL premiums are often based on estimates, with a final audit that adjusts for actual payroll. When that audit generates an additional premium or a refund, allocate that adjustment back across jobs proportionally. Don’t just dump it into overhead or you’ll undo all the careful tracking you did during the year.

The goal is that when you look at a completed job’s profitability report, the insurance costs that were driven by that job’s activity are reflected in the numbers. Everything else flows through overhead and gets recovered through your markup. That’s how you know which jobs actually made money and which ones just looked like they did.

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More Questions

How do I separate personal and business expenses as an owner-operator leased to a carrier?

Open a dedicated business bank account and route all carrier settlements there. Pay yourself through owner's distributions, use a business credit card for expenses, and track every deductible category separately. This keeps your books clean and prevents missed deductions at tax time.

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How do I reconcile my construction project budget against actual costs at month end?

Pull a job cost report showing budget versus actual by cost code for every active project. Calculate line-item variances, add committed costs from open POs and subcontracts, and update your cost-to-complete estimates. This monthly process feeds your WIP schedule and shows which jobs are really making money.

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Should I use job costing or simple expense tracking for my electrical contracting business?

If you do project-based work like new construction, remodels, or commercial jobs, job costing is worth the effort. It shows you which job types actually make money. Simple expense tracking only works if your business is strictly service calls.

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What is the difference between overbilling and underbilling on a WIP schedule?

Overbilling means you've billed more than the work you've completed, and it shows as a liability. Underbilling means you've done more work than you've billed for, and it shows as an asset. Both are tracked per project on a WIP schedule.

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What are the penalties for misclassifying employees as 1099 contractors?

The IRS will assess back FICA taxes, income tax withholding penalties, and W-2 filing penalties. Arizona adds back unemployment taxes plus interest. Intentional misclassification doubles the federal penalties, and you may also owe back pay for overtime, benefits, and workers' comp.

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What payroll records am I legally required to keep and for how long?

Federal law requires you to keep most payroll records for at least 4 years. Arizona requires 4 years for unemployment records. Best practice is to keep everything for 7 years to cover all potential audit windows.

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